Switch statement: A switch statement allows a variable to be tested for equality against a list of
values. Each value is called a case, and the variable being switched on is checked for each switch
case.
The following rules apply to a switch statement −
1. The expression used in a switch statement must have an integral or enumerated type, or be of
a class type in which the class has a single conversion function to an integral or enumerated
type.
2. You can have any number of case statements within a switch. Each case is followed by the
value to be compared to and a colon (:).
3. The constant-expression for a case must be the same data type as the variable in the switch,
and it must be a constant or a literal.
4. When the variable being switched on is equal to a case, the statements following that case
will execute until a break statement is reached.
5. When a break statement is reached, the switch terminates, and the flow of control jumps to
the next line following the switch statement.
6. Not every case needs to contain a break. If no break appears, the flow of control will follow
through to subsequent cases until a break is reached.
7. A switch statement can have an optional default case, which must appear at the end of the
switch. The default case can be used for performing a task when none of the cases is true.
No break is needed in the default case.
Syntax:
switch(expression)
{
case constant-expression-1 : statement(s);
break;
case constant-expression-2 : statement(s);
break;
.
.
.
case constant-expression-n : statement(s);
default : statement(s);
}
