Ruby (programming language) and it's features.

Ruby is an interpreted, high-level, general-purpose programming language. It was designed and developed in the mid-1990s by Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto in Japan.Ruby is dynamically typed and uses garbage collection. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming.

Thoroughly object-oriented with inheritance, mixins and metaclasses
Dynamic typing and duck typing
Everything is an expression (even statements) and everything is executed imperatively (even declarations)
Succinct and flexible syntax that minimizes syntactic noise and serves as a foundation for domain-specific languages
Dynamic reflection and alteration of objects to facilitate metaprogramming
Lexical closures, iterators and generators, with a block syntax
Literal notation for arrays, hashes, regular expressions and symbols
Embedding code in strings (interpolation)
Default arguments
Four levels of variable scope (global, class, instance, and local) denoted by sigils or the lack thereof
Garbage collection
First-class continuations
Strict boolean coercion rules (everything is true except false and nil)
Exception handling
Operator overloading
Built-in support for rational numbers, complex numbers and arbitrary-precision arithmetic
Custom dispatch behavior (through method_missing and const_missing)
Native threads and cooperative fibers (fibers are a 1.9/YARV feature)
Support for Unicode and multiple character encodings.
Native plug-in API in C
Interactive Ruby Shell (a REPL)
Centralized package management through RubyGems
Implemented on all major platforms
Large standard library, including modules for YAML, JSON, XML, CGI, OpenSSL, HTTP, FTP, RSS, curses, zlib and Tk

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