- photosynthesis and animals inhaling oxygen through the lungs and exhaling carbon dioxide as a byproduct.
- Plants require carbon dioxide to live and flourish with their end-product again becoming oxygen. This balancing process of complementary systems is known as respiration and photosynthesis.
- Photosynthesis is the conversion of sunlight into a molecule of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
- This ATP is a storage container of energy which can be accessed by life forms other than plants.
- the process activated in plants when converting energy from the sun into oxygen.
- Plants take in sunlight, water and carbon dioxide molecules and release oxygen molecules.
- respiration can be broadly defined as the breakdown of organic compounds into simpler compounds accompanied by the release of energy in the form of ATP."
- This is the process we call, at the most basic level, "breathing." Plants and animals breathe, but animals, including humans, require plants to convert the energy of the sun into oxygen.
In Animals:..
- Animal life receives oxygen molecules, and—after a process called internal respiration and cellular respiration takes place inside the animal or human body—exudes carbon dioxide molecules.
1. External respiration is the process wherein animal life receives air from the environment and in a gaseous exchange returns the air to the environment in another form.
- This gaseous exchange takes place in all life forms, from insects to fish to human beings to plants, including algae and fungus.
2. Internal respiration is the distribution process in the body of an animal wherein oxygen is carried via the lungs and bloodstream throughout the body and broken down and converted into cellular energy.
3.Cellular respiration is the conversion process that is initiated in the cytoplasm and finishes in the mitochondria, with the end product being carbon dioxide molecules.
- The cellular system is like a furnace burning energy, and the byproduct of that combustion is carbon dioxide.
- After being exuded into the atmosphere, that carbon dioxide becomes an element in the continuing process of photosynthesis.
The respiration process in human beings like.....
- .humans and other vertebrates, air containing oxygen and carbon dioxide travels in and out of the body through the nose and mouth. After passing into the pharynx, or oral cavity, air moves down past the epiglottis, into the larynx and finally into the trachea or windpipe.
- The trachea splits into two main bronchi, which enter the right and left lungs. Eventually, air reaches the functional unit of the lung: the alveoli. These are tiny, thin-walled sacs, which carbon dioxide and oxygen can diffuse across the surfaces of Carbon dioxide moves into the alveoli from the blood flowing through the lungs, while oxygen moves into the bloodstream.
Steps in Respiration.
- At the cellular level, proteins, carbohydrates and fats are broken down into small molecules such as glucose, which undergoes glycolysis. In this process, each six-carbon glucose molecule is broken down in a series of steps into two three-carbon pyruvate molecules, which yields a small amount of energy in the form of two molecules of ATP and two of NADH.
- This series of reactions does not require oxygen and is therefore called anaerobic respiration.
- The two pyruvate molecules may undergo another series of reactions in the presence of oxygen, and this results in the release of significantly more ATP via the electron transport chain.
- This aerobic respiration results in the release of carbon dioxide and water vapor, both of which are exhaled or otherwise discharged into the environment.
- These processes are continually occurring throughout organisms' bodies to keep them alive and allow basic metabolic processes to unfold normally.
