Athrogenic Factors responsible for urban flood.:
1. Rapid urbanisation is the responsibile for urban flood.
2. Pollution: There has been an explosive increase in the urban population without corresponding expansion of civic facilities such as adequate infrastructure for the disposal of waste.
3.Illegal mining activities: Illegal mining for building material such as sand and quartzite both on the catchment and on the bed of the lake have extremely damaging impact on the water body. For example, the Jaisamand Lake in Jodhpur, once the only source of drinking water for the city, has been suffering from illegal mining in the catchment area for the last 20 years, despite a court order to stop mining in 1999.
Sociopolitical factors:
1.Religous practices: most of the holy place and temple are situated on the bank of various river and people dispose the waste into river and bank of river.
2. Encroachment: This is another major threat to urban water bodies. As more people are migrating to cities, the availability of land is getting scarce. Today, even a small piece of land in urban areas has high economic value. Charkop Lake in Maharashtra, Ousteri Lake in Puducherry, Deepor beel in Guwahati are well known examples of encroachment.
3. Unplanned tourism activities: Using water bodies to attract tourists has become a threat to several urban lakes in India. Tso Morari and Pongsho lakes in Ladakh have become polluted because of unplanned and unregulated tourism. Another example is Ashtamudi Lake in Kaerala's Kollam city that has become polluted because of spillage of oil from motor boats.
4. Administrative work and govt: From ignoring warnings to delays in taking actions, Tamil Nadu administration played its part in making the December floods more devastating.
Way forward:
1. India is very serious about smart city plan since taking pre cautionary steps in urban planning through smart city plan is neccesary.
2. Science and technology have make tremadiuos achievement in technology since adoption of new technology make more effective for planning for flood managemnt.
4. Proper implementation of SDG 11 is must.
5. Strict instruction should be followed of National disaster managment.
