Babar was the founder of the first Mughal emperor (1526- 1530). Political situation in north-west India was suitable for Babur to enter India. Sikhandar Lodi died in 1517 and Ibrahim Lodi succeded him. Lodhi tried to create strong centralised empire which alarmed Afghan chiefs as well as Rajaputs.
So in 1526 he defeated the Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodi and his Afghan supporters, at first battle of Panipat and captured Delhi and Agra.
The establishment of an empire in the Indo-Gangetic valley by Babar was a threat to Rana Sanga. So in 1527 babar defeated Rana Sanga, Rajput rulers and allies at battle of Khanwa.
Babar’s advent was significant:
Kabul and Qandhar became integral part of an empire comprising North India. Since these areas had always acted as staging place for an invasion of India and provide security from external invasions. These two areas mentioned above helped to strengthen India’s foreign trade with China and Mediterranean seaports. His war tactics were very expensive since he used heavy artillery which ended era of small kingdoms because these smaller ones cannot afford it.
He introduced a concept of state which has to be based on strength and prestige of Crown instead of religious interference. This provided a precedent and direction to his successors .
Humayun [1530-1540, 1555-1556]:-
Humayun divided his inheritance according to the will of his father. His brothers were each given a province. Sher Khan defeated Humayun which made him forced to flee to Iran.In Iran Humayun received help from the Safavid Shah. He recaptured Delhi in 1555 but died in an accident the following year.
