Points to Remember
1. India is the seventh largest country of the
world in area-wise, accounting for about
2.4% of the total world area, and second
largest population wise.
2. Called a sub-continent for it stands out
prominent in the Asian continent.
3. North-south extent is 3214 km. and westeast
is 2933 km.
4. Total length of land frontier is 15200 km.
5. Total length of coastline is 7516 km.
6. Total length of mainland coastline is 6100 km.
7. States having common boundaries with
India are Pakistan, Afghanistan, China,
Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar and Bangladesh.
8. Tropic of cancer passes through the sub
continent almost midway.
9. The southernmost tip is Pygmalion point
(Now known as Indira point) in Great
Nicobar Islands.
10. The southernmost tip of the mainland is the
Cape of Camorin 8° north of Equator.
11. Prominent islands in the Bay of Bengal are
Andaman (200) and Nicobar (19), Barren and
Narcondam.
12. Prominent islands in the Arabian Sea are
Lakshadweep (Coral island), Minicoy and
Aminidvi.
13. Prominent island in the Gulf of Mannar is
Pamban.
14. The Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait
separate India from Sri Lanka.
15. The western coast is known as Malabar coast
(mainly in Kerala) and Coromandal coast
(mainly in Tamil Nadu and Andhra
Pradesh).
16. 82°30' East longitude is taken to be Standard
Meridian of India. The local time determined
along this meridian serves as the Indian
Standard Time for every place, in the
country. It passes through near Naini
(Allahabad).
17. In India, “Aravalli Range” is one of the
oldest mountain ranges of the world.
18. The only active volcano of India is found in
the Andamans.
19. The islands in the Arabian Sea are of coral
origin.
20. The “Satpura Range” lies between
“Narmada” and “Tapti” rivers.
21. The Andaman and Nicobar are believed to
be the extension of the “Arakan Yoma” of
Burma.
22. The river Damodar originates near “Tori”
in Palamau.
23. The “Palghat Gap” connects Tamil Nadu
and Kerala and is located south of the
Nilgiri.
24. India is 4 times larger than Pakistan which
is second largest in the Asia. 12 times larger
than UK and 8 times larger than Japan.
25. The northern frontier of India is “15,200”km
long and it has a coastline of 6,100 km.
26. The Gulf of Mannar and Palk Strait separate
India from Srilanka.
27. Himalayas has been credited of having the
world’s 14th highest peaks ranging between
the “Jana” (7710 m) Everest (8848 m)
Kanchanjunga (8,598 m), Dhaulagiri (8,127
m), Nanga Parbat (8,126 m) and Nanda Devi
(7,817 m)
28. The “Khyber Pass” is of “1000 m” and leads
form Peshawar to Kabul.
29. The Gomal Pass is of “1,525 m” and is an
important trade route.
30. The Bolan Pass is of “1.800 m” and lies
between the Sulaiman and the “Kirthar”
range.
31. The “Shipki Pass” leads from Punjab to
Tibet.
32. The Western Ghat is known as “Sahyadri”
in Maharashtra. In Tamil Nadu, they form
the Nilgiri Hills.
33. “Kaveri” river is known as the “Ganga of
the south”
34. Lake “Chilka” in Orissa, Kolleru and
“Pulicat” in Andhra Pradesh are among the
large lakes found in eastern coastal plain.
35. “Andaman and Nicobar” is separated by a
deep sea known as “Ten Degree Channel”
since it coincides with 100 N latitudes.
36. “Lagoons” are Salt water lakes which are
separated from the Sea by the formation of
the sand bars along the coast.
37. On April 10, 1991, India’s only volcano
erupted in Barren Island in the Andamans
after lying dormant for 200 years.
38. Jammu town stands on the Jammu Hills of
Siwalik range of South Kashmir Himalayas.
39. Pir Panjal range of Himachal section of
Kashmir Himalayas is the origin of thrust
faulting and isoclinal folding and is
transversed by two passes - the Pir Panjal
and Banihal; the later now provides the main
gateway to the vale of Kashmir from the
Indian Plains.
40. The vale of Kashmir is a synclinal valley,
once the bed of a great lake. Kashmir valley
is very fertile with capital Srinagar in the
heart and several beauty spots like Gulmarg.
41. Dal Lake near Srinagar was carved out of
the alluvial deposits of Jhelum.
42. Deosai Basin of Kashmir is an example of
ancient cirque lake.
43. Zojila pass of Kashmir Himadri connects the
only road to Leh (the capital of Ladakh) from
Srinagar.
44. Aksai Chin and Soda plains of Ladakh
Plateau are evidences of past glacial action
and are dry & bare.
45. Kangra Valley of Punjab Himalayas lies in
its potential mineral oil wealth gone.
46. Badrinath, a religious place of Hindu lies in
the Himadri range of Kumaon Himalayas.
47. Jelep La pass of Sikkim Himalayas is the
main route between Sikkim and the Chumbi
Valley.
48. Darjeeling Range is famous for tea gardens,
especially on Tiger Hills.
49. Cherrapunji Plateau of Khasi Hills is an
example of Structural Platforms in India.
50. Dapha Bum is the highest peak of Mishmi
Hills of Purva - NEFA.
51. Patkai Bum Range forms the watershed
between India and Myanmar.
52. Saramati is the highest peak of Naga range.
53. Central part of the Manipur Hills is a large
basin which appears to be the bed of old
lake; a remnant of which occupies the southeast
corner of the basin and is known as the
“Loktak Lake”.
54. Southernmost part of the north-eastern range
is known as Lushai Hills.
55. It is the ascending monsoon clouds over the
frontal slopes and the side valleys that have
made Cherrapunji world famous for rain.
56. Nokrek is the highest peak of Garo Hills of
Meghalaya plateau.
57. Kazi range, on the northern margin of the
Mikir Hills of Meghalaya plateau, has been
developed as a sanctuary for wild animals.
58. Most of the great Northern Plains are
composed of alluvium deposits during
Middle Pleistocene and recent geological
time.
59. Almost whole of the Western Arid Plain was
under sea from the Permo-Carboniferous to
the Pleistocene time. It was uplifted during
the Pleistocene time.
60. Western part of Western Arid Plain is sandy
and is covered with shifting sand dunes
called “DHARIAN”.
61. Eastern part of Western Arid Plain, between
the desert and the Aravalli is a fertile tracts
called “ROHI”.
62. Flat, narrow strips of low lying flood plains
of Punjab Plains is known as “BETS”, which
have been formed by the shifting of river
courses.
63. The Punjab Plain is drained by many rivers
and the area between the two rivers are
called DOABS such as :-
(i) Bist Doab - between Beas and Satluj
(ii) Bari Doab - between Beas and Ravi
(iii)Rachna Doab - between Ravi and Chenab
(iv)Chaj Doab - between Chenab and Jhelum
