64. The broad Punjab flood plains of Khadar,
flanked by Bluffs are locally called as
“DHAYA”.
65. In the north Bihar Plain, north of Ganga, a
long line of marshes are known as
“CHAURS”, like Kabar Tal.
66. In the South Bihar Plain, South of Ganga &
west of Rajmahal hills, on the outward side
occur vast depressions, known as “JALA”
near Patna and “TALA” near Mokama.
67. North Bengal Plains, from the foot of Eastern
Himalayas in the north to the northern limit
of Bengal basin, is the ideal home of tea
plantation. Further south lies the older delta
of the Ganga formed during the Pleistocene
time and subsequently upwarped and
eroded into terraces known as “BARIND
PLAIN”.
68. “RAHR PLAIN” is the low land to the west
of the Bhagirathi and when the rivers like
Damodar are in flood, the entire countryside
is submerged.
69. Due to hard quartzite rocks the Aravalli
provides unfavourable environment for
men.
70. Narmada river from a spring on
Amarkantak Plateau and at Bheraghat. It
forms a waterfall known as Dhuandhar or
Marble fall.
71. Palghat Gap, in the Western Ghats, is 24
km. wide and is probably a rift valley, owing
its existence to subsidence of the land
between two parallel fault lines. Ponnani
river flows through it.
72. Palni Hills, the continuity of Southern
Sahyadri in the north-east direction, has
many beauty spots like Kodaikanal.
73. The Cardamom Hills or Elamalai, south of
Palghat Gap as the continuation of South
Sahyadri, is famous for cardamom
plantation. Its east face is densely populated,
commonly known as Kambam Valley.
74. South of Tapi Valley in Maharashtra Plateau
is the Ajanta Range and a southern spur,
Ellora Hills is equally famous for its caves.
75. Physigoraphically, the Mysore Plateau can
be subdivided into two parts:
i) Malnad - Hilly, deep valley, densely forested
; Baba Budan hill lies here &
ii) Maidan - Rolling plains with low granitic hills.
76. Eastern Ghats in Orissa and Andhra Pradesh
is locally known as MALIYAS (highland),
forming watershed between west flowing
streams like Machkund, Sileru and the east
flowing streams like Vamsadhara.
77. In Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh the East
Coast Plain is also called PAYAN GHAT,
extending from Cape Comorin to Krishna-
Godavari delta.
78. Bhargavi and Daya rivers drain into Chilka
Lake.
79. Kutch and Kathiawar peninsula, on the
northern end were once islands.
80. Vaitarna and Ulhas rivers drain the Konkan
coast region.
81. Sharavati river drains the Karnataka coast
with making the famous waterfall,
“Gersoppa fall”.
82. Astamudi and Vembanad lakes are situated
on the Kerala coast.
83. Arabian sea and the Bay of Bengal came into
existence during the late Cretaceous or Early
Tertiary time.
84. South of Kathiawar the continental shelf is
350 km wide and 220 km. wide south of the
mouth of Ganga. Elsewhere its width ranges
from 50 km on the east coast to 100 km. on
the West Coast.
85. Bay of Bengal Islands are the elevated
portion of submarine mountain range while
the Arabian sea islands are of coral origin.
86. Barren Island and Narcondam Island are the
only volcanic islands within Indian
Territory.
87. Little Andaman is separated from the Great
Andaman by the “Duncan Passage”.
88. South Andaman consists of parallel ridges
and valleys with the highest hills “Mt.
Harriet” (450 m), facing the east coast. The
city Port Blair lies here.
89. Off the west coast of the North and Middle
Andamans there are a number of smaller
islands like Interview and Anderson,
composed of limestone.
90. Nicobar Islands is a group of 19 islands but
only 12 are inhabited.
91. Within the Nicobar Islands Great Nicobar is
the largest and the Car-Nicobar is the
northernmost island.
92. Main islands of Nicobar group are - Little
Nicobar, Katchall, Camorta, Trinket,
Nancowry etc.
93. Barren Island is a dormant volcano while
the Narcondam Island is an extinct volcano.
94. Coral Island in the Arabian Sea is situated
between 8 Degree N and 12 Degree N.
95. Amindivi Island is a group of six Islands-
Amini, Kilton, Chetlat, Kadmat, Bitra and
Peremulpur.
96. Laccadives Islands is a group of five islands-
Androth, Kalpeni, Kavaratti, Pitti and Suheli
Par.
97. Among the Arabian sea islands the Minicoy
Island is the Southernmost, in the 8 Degree
channel.
