The term ‘democratic’ is used in the Preamble in the broader sense
embracing not only political democracy but also social and economic
democracy. We have adopted parliamentary democracy to ensure a responsible
and stable Government which derives its authority from the people and remains
accountable to the people at all times. The people of India elect their
governments at different levels (Union, State and local) by a system of universal
adult franchise, with elections being held periodically to ensure the approval of
the people to the governments. All the citizens, without any discrimination on
the basis of caste, creed, colour, sex, religion or education, are allowed freedom
of speech, thought and expression and association. Democracy contributes to
stability in society and it secures peaceful change of governments. It also allows
dissent and encourages tolerance and stands for a constitutional government,
Rule of Law, inalienable rights of citizens, independence of the Judiciary, free
and fair elections and freedom of the Press. To develop a democratic culture has
always been an important objective and commitment under our Constitution.
Republic: Our country ceased to be a Dominion and declared itself a 'Republic'
since the making of the Constitution. The word ‘Republic’ implies that the Head
of the State in India shall be an elected person and shall hold office for a fixed
term. The President of India is the chief executive head of the country.
A republic also means two more things: one, vesting of political
sovereignty in the people and not in a single individual like a king; second, the
absence of any privileged class and hence all public offices being opened to
every citizen without any discrimination.
