Mahmud of Ghazni

  • Towards the close of the AD ninth century, the vast empire of Arab broke up and the Turks who got the upper hand over the Khalifas of Baghlad established many independent principalities. One of such Turk state was founded by Alapatgin with Ghazni as his capital in about AD 933.
  •  In those days, Punjab and north-west of India were rulled by Jaipal of the Shahiy a dynasty (Hindustani). Subuktagin, the rular of Ghazni of that period fought with Jaipal and defeated him.
  • Mahmud Ghaznavi was the elder son of Subuktagin born in AD 971 and ascended the throne in AD 998.
  • For India, Mahmud memory's is only that of a plunderer and destroyer of temples. Mahmud is said to have made 17 raids into India. The initial raids were directed against the Hindustani ruler. In AD 1001, the Hindustani ruler Jaipal again was defeated by Mahmud.
  • Mahmud is considered as a hero of Islam by medieval Muslim historians because of his stout defence against the central Asian Turkish tribal Invaders.
  • Secondly, because he was closely associated with the Renaissance of the Iranian spirit. A high water mark in the Iranian renaissance war reached with Firdausi's Shah Namah.
  • In other expeditions Mahmud plundered Nagarkot, Thaneshwar.          Kannauj, Mathura and Somnath. He plundered Somnath Temple in AD 1025 (his sixteenth raid) in AD 1026, Mahmud defeated Jats. He died in AD 1030. The objective of Muhmad's expeditions was the plunder and loot, he was not interested in expanding his empire to India
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