OOPS(Object Oriented Programming system) where Object means a real word entity such as pen, chair, table etc. Object-Oriented Programming is a methodology or paradigm to design a program using classes and objects. It simplifies the software development and maintenance by providing some concepts:
- Object
- Class
- Inheritance
- Polymorphism
- Abstraction
- Encapsulation
1) Object:
Any entity that has state and behavior is known as an object. For example: chair, pen, table, keyboard, bike etc. It can be physical and logical.
2)Class:
Collection of objects is called class. It is a logical entity.
3)Inheritance:
When one object acquires all the properties and behaviours of parent object i.e. known as inheritance. It provides code reusability. It is used to achieve runtime polymorphism.
4)Polymorphism:
When one task is performed by different ways i.e. known as polymorphism. For example: to convince the customer differently, to draw something e.g. shape or rectangle etc.
In C++, we use Function overloading and Function overriding to achieve polymorphism.
5)Abstraction
Hiding internal details and showing functionality is known as abstraction. For example: phone call, we don't know the internal processing.
In C++, we use abstract class and interface to achieve abstraction.
6)Encapsulation:
Binding (or wrapping) code and data together into a single unit is known as encapsulation. For example: capsule, it is wrapped with different medicines.
