Database normalization is the process of organizing the attributes of the database to reduce or eliminate data redundancy (having the same data but at different places) .
Problems because of data redundancy
Data redundancy unnecessarily increases the size of the database as the same data is repeated in many places. Inconsistency problems also arise during insert, delete and update operations.
Functional Dependency
Functional Dependency is a constraint between two sets of attributes in relation to a database. A functional dependency is denoted by an arrow (→). If an attribute A functionally determines B, then it is written as A → B.
For example, employee_id → name means employee_id functionally determines the name of the employee. As another example in a timetable database, {student_id, time} → {lecture_room}, student ID and time determine the lecture room
