The Tughlaq Dynasty Part-2

• Firoz Tughlaq faced the problem of preventing the imminent break up the Delhi Sultanate. So he tried to appease the nobility, the army and theologians.
• He made the Iqta system hereditary.
• He extended the principal of heredity to the army. The soldiers were not paid by the cash but by assignments on land revenue of villages. This technique led to many abuses.
• In order to encourage agriculture the Sultan paid a lot of attention to irrigation. He repaired a number of canals. First canal from Sutlej to Ghaggar. The second Canal carries water from Yamuna to Hissar. He imposed Haque-i-Sharb or Hasil-i-Sharb. i.e, water tax.
• He encourage the practice of slavery and selected young boys from conquered territory for the purpose. Diwan-i-Bandagon was created as the department of slaves.
• Built new towns of Fatehabad, Hissar, Jaunapur (in memory of Muhammad Tughlaq). Firozabad. During his Bengal and Pahdua as Firozabad.
• He brought two pillars of Ashoka from Topara and Merrut, to Delhi, repaired Qutab Minar when it was struck by lightning.
• He estamblished a hospital at Delhi knows as Darul-Shifa.
• A new department of Diwani-i-Khairat was set up to make provision for marriage of poor girls.
• Introduced two new coins - Adha (50% Jital) and Bikh (25% Jital).
• Mathura was destroyed during his period.
• Barauni, the historian, was in his court. He wrote Tarikh-i-feroshahi and Fatwa-i-Jahangiri.
• He died in AD 1388.
• After Firozshah Tughlaq, Giyasuddin Tughlaq Shah l succeeded. He was re-placed by Abu Bakr Shah in AD 1389.
• The states of Malwa, Sharqi (Jaunapur) and Gujarat broke away from the Sultanate.
• Abu Bakr was reolrepl by Nasiruddin Muhammad in AD 1390. Nasiruddin Muhammad was replaced by Alauddin SIKANDAR Shah for a brief in 1394, but regained the throne after Sikander"s death. He ruled till AD 1412. During his period Timur invaded India.
• Timur the head of Chaghtai Turk, ruler of Mongols in central Asian invaded India in 1398, during Nasiruddin Muhammad Tughlaq. He robbed people. He said to have inflicted on India more misery than had ever before been done by a conquered in a single invasion.
• Timur nominated Khizr Khan to rule over Punjab and himself returned to Central Asia. He died on his way to conquer China in AD 1404.

TAXATION SYSTEM :-

• Feroz Shah Tughlaq introduced new system of taxation according to Quran.
• Kharaj A land tax of 1/10th to the procedure of land.
• Zakat 2.5% tax on property (by muslims only).
• Jaziya A tax by non-muslims (even by Brahmins).
• Khams 1/6th of the booty captured during war.