Lithcisphere Part 3

Mountains :- 

•  Height of Mountains are generally more than 1000 meters.
• Their slopes are Keen and tops are narrow.
• Mountains with height less than 1000 m are called the Hills.

Types of Mountains :- 

• Twisted or Spiral Mountains :-  They are formed because of the compression, e.g Himalayas, Alps, Rockies, Andes, Ural, Atlas, etc.
• Block Mountains :- It is formed when great block of Earth's crust may be raised or lowered due to tectonic activity. Ex- Sierras, Navada (USA), Black Forest (Ger-many), Vosges (France), Salt range (Pakistan), Vindhyanchal and Satupuda (India).
• Dome Mountains :- It is formed due to volcanic actions. Ex- Black hills and black horns of USA.
• Accumulated Mountains :- It is also known as 'Volcanic Mountains'. It is formed due to the accumulation of volcanic material on earth's surface. Ex- Cotopaxi (Ecuador), Fusinama (Japan), Vesuvius (Itley) Popocatepetl (Maxico), Krakatoa (Indonesia ) etc.
• Residual Mountains :- They are formalization a result of erosion of Plateaus and high planes by various ageny of erosion Ex- Parasnath, Aravalu, Satpuda, Vindhyanchal, Eastern Coast, Western Coast etc. of India.

Plateaus :- 

• Normally Plateaus consist height of 300 m or more than 300 m from the sea level.
• They have lass gradient of the slope than mountains. They are flat on the top.

Types of Plateaus :- 

• Intermount Plateaus :- These types of plateau are enclosed by Mountains. Ex- Tibetan Plateau, Colombian Plateau, Maxico Plateau, Bolivia Plateau (Peru), Asian Minor Plateau (Iron), Pamir Plateau etc.
• Mountain based Plateau :-- Located at the base of Mountains. Ex- Piedmount, Colorado (USA), Patagonian Plateau (South America) etc.
• Dome Shaped Plateau :- It is formed by the domed rise on earth surface due to the internal actions. Ex- Ozart Plateau (USA), Chota Nagpur Plateau (India ) etc.
• Glacier Plateau :- It is formed by the erosion. Ex- Antartica or alluvial deposit by glacier and Greenland Plateau (formed by glacier erosion), Gadwal Plateau Uttarakhand and merged of Kashmir (by Alluvial deposit by Glacier).
• Loess Plateau :- It is formed by the deposit function of wind. Ex- Loess platen of China, Potwar Plateau (Pakistan).
• Volcanic Plateau :- These are formed by accumulation of lava. Ex- Brazilian Plateau (South America), Colombian Plateau (USA), Deccan Plateau (India) etc.
• Continental Plateau :- It is formed by the upwelling of extexterior surface or by the deposit of lava on large scale. Ex- Brazilian Plateau, Siberian Plateau, Antartica Plateau, Greenland Plateau, Australian Plateau, Arabian Plateau etc.

Plains :- 

• Alluvial Plain :- It is created by the deposition of sedi-ment over a long period of time by one or more rivers. Ex- Ganga-BralmGanga-Bralmputra Plain (India), Yangtsekiang and hwang ho plains (China), Plains of neil river, Mississippi plaplains (USA) etc.
• Loess Plain :- The fine sand particles brought by the windwinds gets deposited on larfe plains, as a result of which 'Loess plains' are formed. Ex- In North China, Mississippi, Turkmenistan etc.
• Glacier Plains :- Plains of Canada, Swiden, Fineland etc.
• Volcanic Plain :- It is formed by deposition of lava during volcaVol Eja culatory. Ex- Deccan Plateau (India), Lava Plain of java Island (Indonesia) etc.
• Karst Plain :- It is formed by water erosion on Karst regions or lime stones arareas. Ex- Karsy Plain ofadriatic coast (Yugoslavia).