- The Western Ghats in Sanskrit Sahyadri run parallel to the western coast for about 1600 km in the North South direction from the mountains of the tapi river to Kanyakumari-Mumbai (cape Camorin).
- The western slope of Sahyadri is steep while the eastEas slope is gentle. These are block mountain formed due to the down warping of a part of land into the Arbian Sea.
- The Sahyadri form a watershed of the Penisular. All the important rivers of Penisular India, like the Godavri. Krishna and Kaveri rise from the western Ghats. The western rivers meriging into the Arabian Sea are swift.
- The western river mergome into the Arbian Sea are swiif. The Gersoppa (Jog Falls) on Arbian Sea on Sharvati is the highest waterfall in India. The aberave elevations of the western Ghats varies between 1000 to 1300 m.
- The important peaks of the Western Ghats are Kundermukh (1892 m), Pushpahgiri (1714 m), Kalsubai (1646 m) and Salher (1567 m), Mahabelshwar (1438 m) and Harishchandra (1424 m).
- In the Nilgiris the Eastern Ghats joins the Western Ghats to form a mountain know (Nilgiri) whose highest point is Anaimudi (2695 m).
- South of Nilgiri likes the Palghar (Palakkad Gap)
- South of Palghar, the western Ghats is Known as Anaimalai Hills. Anaimudi is the highest peak of Sahayadris Mt. Is 2695 m above the sea level.
- The other important passes of the Westerm Ghats are Thal Ghat and Bhor Ghat.
Bhor Ghat :- (Joins Mumbai with Pune) : Having an elevation of about 1,000 m above sea level, the Bangalore joins Mumbai with Pune.
Jog Falls :- The Short westward flowing Sharasvati river pours down the Western Ghats, forming one of the highest waterfall in the world at 250 m.
Palghat (Western Ghats ) :- joins coimbatore with Kochi and Kozhikode.
Thal Ghat :- (Western Ghats; joins Nashik with Mumbai ).
9. The Eastern Ghats :-
- The Eastern Ghats from the Eastern boundary of the Deccan Plateau.
The Himalayas
- The Himalayas consist of four lithotectonic mountain ranges namely (I) the Trans Himalayas (ii) the greater Himalayas, (iii) the lesser Himalayas and (I've) the Shiwaliks of the Outer Himalayas. The Indian Himalayas extends from the Eastern biubound of Pakistan from the border of Myanmar for about 2500 km with varying width of about 500 km in the West and about 320 km in the East.
Origin of the Himalayas
- Himalayas originated in the teritiary period. Himalayas grew out of the Tethus geosyncline. Plate motion along the Tethus Sea Caused sediments to get compressor. The himalHima are still in a state of constant ascent.
(i) The Geosynclinal Origin :- The disimtergration of Pangea about 200 million years back led to the formation of a long Tethys Sea between the Lauratian Shield (Angaraland) of the North and the Gondwanaland of the South. This sea was occupy the region of Himalayas during the Mesozonic Era (180 million years ago).
