Disorder of blood circulation (part 2)

  1. Atherosclerosis /Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)is the deposition of lipids (cholesterol) on the wall lining the lumenof arteries called atheromatous or atherosclerotic plaque.
  2. Theseplaques may completely block the artery. Such plaques, if formed in the coronary artery, reduce the blood supply to the heart and may result in heart attack or stroke Heart block It is a condition in which the sinus node is normal but the impulses are interrupted at any point along the conducting system of the heart Thus, impulses do not follow the normal conduction pathway. Two common types of heart block are AV block: It occurs at the atrioventricular node.
  3. The impulses from the SA node do not reach the AV node e branch block : It involves one of the branches of the bundle of His Coronary thrombosis A clot may form in the lumen of a coronary artery, it is called coronary thrombosis.
  4. Therefore, a large portion of the heart muscle is deprived of blood and the patient develops a 'heart attack.
  5. Anticoagulant drugs like TPA (tissue plasminogen factor) and streptokinase helps to prevent the formation and extension of blood clots if given within 4 hours of attack.
  6. Heart attack Heart attack, also called myocardial infarction (MI), refers toa sudden event in which a portion of the heart muscle stops working because it no longer receives blood, usually due to a blockage in the coronary artery. Generally, a heart attack occurs when plaque (fat, cholesterol and calcium) builds up and then ruptures in the coronary artery, creating a place where a blood clot can form (thrombus). Signs of heart attack : chest pain; pain or discomfort in the upper body (arms, back, neck, jaws or stomach); shortness of breath (usually ccurs at the same time as chest pain);cold sweat, nausea or vomiting and light headedness Controllable risk factors : High cholesterol; cigarette smoking excess weight; sedentary lifestyle; stress; high blood pressure; diabetes and certain drugs, such as oral contraceptives for wome who smoke Congenital heart diseases Defects or diseases of the heart from the birth are known as congenital heart diseases and are due to some error in the development of the heart. It is possible that some of these defects may be due to an infectious disease like rubella (German measles) in the mother or administration of some harmful drugs during first three months of pregnancy.
  7. A small number of cases of congenital heart diseases are ssociated with chromosomal abnormalities.
Posted on by
Score
Views