Golgi complex
Golgi complex Camillo Golgi, first observed Golgi bodies in the form of a network in
nerve cells of barn owl and cat. Golgi bodies are present in all eukaryotic cells except in male gametes of bryophytes and pteridophytes, mammalian
RBCs, sieve tubes of plants and in cells of fungi. It is a complex cytoplasmic structure made up of smooth membrane saccules and other forms which takes part in membrane formation, secretion and production of complex biochemicals. Golgi apparatus is composed of unconnected units called dictyosomes in plants, Golgi complex is made
up of four parts
Vacuole
Vacuoles Vacuoles are non-cytoplasmic areas present inside the cytoplasm. These are surrounded by single membrane called tonoplast. They are formed by expansion and pinching off from endoplasmic reticulum. They are small in animal cell and large in fungal and plant cells. Vacuoles may be of four types, depending upon its contents and functions.
-Mitochondria
Mitochondria are cell organelles of aerobic eukaryotes which take part in oxidative phosphorylation and Kreb's cycle of aerobic respiration. They are called power houses of cell because they are the major centres of release of energy in the aerobic respiration. They were first observed by Kolliker, but the term mitochondria was given by Benda. Mitochondria are absent in prokaryotes and anaerobic eukaryotes. Mitochondria are secondarily lost in the red blood corpuscles of mammals. Its number depends upon cellular activities. Cells of dormant seeds have very few mitochondria.
Funcation =
Mitochondria act as sites of cellular respiration where food stuff or respiratory substrates are completely oxidised to carbon dioxide and water and form energy rich ATP. ATP helps in performing various energy requiring processes, therefore, called as power house.
The matrix or inner chamber of the mitochondria has enzymes for the synthesis of fatty acids. Enzymes required for the elongation of fatty acids have been reported in the outer mitochondrial chamber
