- The average air condition over a large area is called the climate of a place. Weather's conditions over a specific length of time, usually A period of 31 years, are taken into consideration.
A large scale the climate of a particular region is determined by :-
I) Latitude and tilt of the Earth's axis with it deteremins the amount of solar radiation recived by the area.
II) The distribution of land and sea and proximity of oceans currents.
III) The altitude and topography of the area.
IV) The location of the area in relation to the main circulation belts on the Earth.
- Climate can be classified on the basis of the temperature, rainfall, evaportation, evapotranspiration and water balance.
- One of the universally accepted climate classification is by Koeppen which is being described here.
Types of Climates :-
1. Tropical Rain Forest Climate -
- Also called equatorial type of Climates or selvas.
- 5° - 10° of equator, nights and days are equal.
- Average monthly temperature is 24° - 27°c, annual range least, Diurnal range of temperature far greater then the annual range.
- Here night is the winter. Called 'Belt of Calm' or Doldrums.
- Convectional rainfall, annual rainfall is 250 cm.
- Broad-leaved evergreen dense forest. Trees are gregarious and there is competition for sunlight. Have more species of plan to and animals then in all others combined. In Amazon basin, Congo basin, Indonesia.
2. Tropical Monsoon Climate -
- Complete seasonal reversal of winds.
- Rainfall seasonal (generally in summers) due to this vegetation is deciduous.
- Aprox, 200 cm of rainfall.
- Akarsh in Western Guinea coast of Africa, South- Eastern Asia, Northern Australia, some parts of Amazon valley and West Indies.
3. Tropical Grassland/Savanna Climate -
- Average annual temperature is 23°c. Annual rainfall is about 150 cm. Area- Africa, East and Central South America.
- Bounded by Tropical rain forest Climate towards the Equator and dry Climate towards the poles, the Savannah type is characteristics of grassland in tropical and subtropical latitudes. Grassland are doted with scattered trees and bushes that can survives the drought season.
- Rainfall in summer Owings to convection ascent of air. Distance dry season in winter. Trees with long roots, fire-resitant.
4. Tropical - Subtropical Hot Desert -
- Situated in the trade wind belt. Occupy the western margins of Continents. The area include North America- Colorado Deserts, Mexican Desert, Africa-Sahara, Kalahari, Namib Deserts, S.W. Asia - Arabian, Iranian, That Desert, South America- Atacama, Australia Grate Australian Deserts. Average annual temperature is 38 degrees celsius, annual summer temperature is 40 degree Celsius, annual winter temperature is 15 degree Celsius, average rainfall is about 25 to 40 cm greatest durandal temperature.
- Highest insolation as there is no clouds cover to scatter the insolation.
- Vegetation is xerophytic.
5. Middle Latitude Desert Climate -
- Found between 35°c - 50°c N and S.
- Area :- Tarim, Gobi, Turkmenistan and Central Iran. In Southern Hemisphere, this Climate is found only in Patagonia (Argentina and Chile).
- Unlike the hot deserts, they have very cold winters because of their interior locations.
